karppaus.infon arkistoitu foorumi

Hmm.. this huge (1.5 million people) new study says Increasing non-HDL levels don't increase mortality, unlike all the other risk factors. Diabetes BY FAR the worst. Published last week in the NEFJM (New England F***ing Journal of Medicine)

I wonder why people always say "High cholesterol CAUSES heart disease" and nobody says "Diabetes CAUSES heart disease". Effect of cholesterol puny compared to diabetes. Couldn't be the massive $$$ spent promoting cholesterol drugs, could it?

Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
List of authors.
The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium*
October 5, 2023
N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1273-1285
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206916

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease and death from any cause. Studies using individual-level data to evaluate the regional and sex-specific prevalence of the risk factors and their effect on these outcomes are lacking.

METHODS

We pooled and harmonized individual-level data from 112 cohort studies conducted in 34 countries and 8 geographic regions participating in the Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. We examined associations between the risk factors (body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, current smoking, and diabetes) and incident cardiovascular disease and death from any cause using Cox regression analyses, stratified according to geographic region, age, and sex. Population-attributable fractions were estimated for the 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and 10-year all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Among 1,518,028 participants (54.1% of whom were women) with a median age of 54.4 years, regional variations in the prevalence of the five modifiable risk factors were noted. Incident cardiovascular disease occurred in 80,596 participants during a median follow-up of 7.3 years (maximum, 47.3), and 177,369 participants died during a median follow-up of 8.7 years (maximum, 47.6). For all five risk factors combined, the aggregate global population-attributable fraction of the 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease was 57.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.4 to 62.1) among women and 52.6% (95% CI, 49.0 to 56.1) among men, and the corresponding values for 10-year all-cause mortality were 22.2% (95% CI, 16.8 to 27.5) and 19.1% (95% CI, 14.6 to 23.6).

CONCLUSIONS
Harmonized individual-level data from a global cohort showed that 57.2% and 52.6% of cases of incident cardiovascular disease among women and men, respectively, and 22.2% and 19.1% of deaths from any cause among women and men, respectively, may be attributable to five modifiable risk factors. (Funded by the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05466825. opens in new tab.)

And here finally is The End.
The End of the Lipid Hypothesis begun in 1953 by his eminence, Ancel Keys PhD (although he largely stole the ideal from Dr John Gorman, MD).

Kasvispainotteisen ruokavalion tiedetään olevan hyväksi terveydelle.

Monet ruokailutottumukset syntyvät jo lapsuudessa. Esimerkiksi koululounaan nauttimisella on todettu olevan yhteys terveellisen ruokavalion omaksumiseen.